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Guidelines Part 16

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Guidelines Part 16 Contents

Guidelines Part 16 - General requirements

G16.3, 16.19, 16.20 (and 4.3(2)) Welding repair of forks on lift trucks

Issued August 1999; Editorial Revision April 2005

Section 16.3 (Operation and maintenance) of the OHS Regulation sets out various requirements related to maintenance records, servicing and use of mobile equipment. Effective October 29, 2003, section 16.3(4) of the OHS Regulation, which required among other things that the repair of mobile equipment be done in accordance with manufacturer's instructions or in the absence of such instructions, with good engineering practice, was rescinded. The operative requirement on that matter is now section 4.3(2) (Safe machinery and equipment).

Section 4.3(2) of the OHS Regulation states:

Unless otherwise specified by this Regulation, the installation, inspection, testing, repair and maintenance of a tool, machine or piece of equipment must be carried out

(a) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and any standard the tool, machine or piece of equipment is required to meet, or

(b) as specified by a professional engineer.

The use of forks repaired by welding is acceptable when a professional engineer has certified the completed weld repair as adequate. If the engineer's certification requires the load capacity for the forklift to be reduced, the load rating markings and the machine manuals should to be changed to reflect the reduced load capacity. OHS Regulation sections 4.8 and 16.20 apply.

If the required certification for the weld repair of a fork is not available, the lift truck should be removed from service until the repaired fork is properly certified and the manuals adjusted as necessary, or until the fork is replaced by a compatible-one warranted by the manufacturer or a professional engineer. In the latter case, the installation of the forks is covered by section 16.19 of the OHS Regulation, which requires installation as specified by the equipment manufacturer or when certified by a professional engineer for use on the equipment.

G16.3 (and 4.3(3)) Tag out procedure for identifying unsafe mobile equipment

Issued August 1, 1999; Editorial Revision April 2005

Section 16.3 (Operation and maintenance) of the OHS Regulation sets out various requirements related to maintenance records, servicing and use of mobile equipment. Effective October 29, 2003 section 16.3(2) of the OHS Regulation was rescinded. That subsection had required that mobile equipment determined to be unsafe for use be identified in a manner that would ensure it was not inadvertently returned to service. The operative requirement on this issue is now section 4.3(3) (Safe machinery and equipment).

Section 4.3(3) of the OHS Regulation states:

A tool, machine or piece of equipment determined to be unsafe for use must be identified in a manner which will ensure it is not inadvertently returned to service until it is made safe for use.

An example of a procedure that will satisfy the requirements of section 4.3(3) for mobile equipment determined to be unsafe for use is as follows:

Each machine operator and maintenance worker will be issued or have ready access to "Do not operate" and "Caution" tags. Each type of tag will be coloured differently.
If a worker believes a piece of equipment is unsafe for use, the worker fastens a "Do not operate" tag on the controls of the machine and reports the problem to the supervisor. If the machine has a defect but could still operate safely if the operator is aware of the defect, a "Caution tag" may be used.
The operator or worker applying a "Do not operate" tag or a "Caution tag" will sign and date the tag, and briefly describe on the tag the concern with the machine, and record this information in the equipment maintenance records.

An example of a procedure for protection of workers doing maintenance or repair on mobile equipment is as follows:

If a "Do not operate" tag was installed by a worker, as part of a procedure such as in the example described above for complying with section 4.3(3) it will not be removed or altered until all necessary repair work is complete.
The equipment will be positioned and secured in the manner specified by the equipment manufacturer for the particular maintenance procedure to be performed. The manufacturer's manual may specify actions such as chocking wheel, disconnecting the battery, bleeding air reservoirs and blocking of machine components.
Prior to starting maintenance and/or repair work, each worker involved in the maintenance will install their personal "Do not operate" tags at all locations from which the equipment can be started. Each tag placed by a maintenance worker will be signed and dated by the installer.
Each maintenance worker will remove his or her personal tag(s) when that worker has completed his or her work.
The "Do not operate" tag that was originally installed to identify the unsafe concern will be removed by the maintenance worker making the decision the necessary maintenance work has been completed and it is safe for the machine to go back into service.

G16.3 (and 4.3(4)) Fuel tank filler and vent outlet locations

Issued August 1999; Editorial Revision April 2005; Editorial Revision January 1, 2007

Regulatory excerpt
Section 4.3(4) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:

Unless otherwise specified by this Regulation, any modification of a tool, machine or piece of equipment must be carried out in accordance with

(a) the manufacturer's instructions, if available,

(b) safe work practices, and

(c) the requirements of this Regulation.

Purpose of guideline
This guideline describes the requirements that apply to the modification of mobile equipment and considerations related to fuel tank filler and vent outlet locations.

Modification of mobile equipment
Section 16.3 (Operation and maintenance) of the Regulation sets out various requirements related to maintenance records, servicing and use of mobile equipment. Effective October 29, 2003 section 16.3(4) of the Regulation, which required that the modification of mobile equipment be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions or in their absence with good engineering practice, was rescinded. The operative requirement is now outlined in section 4.3(4).

Tank filler and vent outlet locations
A vehicle fuel tank fill point or tank vent opening should not be included within the enclosed cab of the vehicle. This condition could arise when a winter cab enclosure is improperly installed on a vehicle, in which case section 4.3(4) would apply.

If a fuel tank fill point or a vent outlet is within a worker-occupied enclosure on a vehicle, an extension of the filler and/or vent line to a safe location outside the cab should be installed. The connection between the extension and the original opening should be liquid and vapour tight to prevent fuel leakage or vapour release into the enclosure.

If the feasibility of doing the foregoing modification appears doubtful, the particular case should be discussed with WorkSafeBC's Engineering Section.

G16.4(1)(c) Operating equipment with air brakes

Issued August 16, 2000

Section 16.4(1)(c) states:

A person must not operate mobile equipment unless the person...(c) if operating equipment with air brakes, has a valid air brake certificate or a driver's license with an air brake endorsement, or evidence of successful completion of a course of instruction on air brake systems by an organization acceptable to the board...

The Insurance Corporation of BC, in the administration of the Motor Vehicle Act, uses the following criteria to determine if the operator (driver) of a motor vehicle on a public road requires an air brake endorsement. If the vehicle brake system can be operated to stop the vehicle when there is no air supply, an air brake endorsement is not required. The Board accepts the same criteria in determining if section 16.4(1)(c) applies to equipment operated under the jurisdiction of the Board.

In simple terms, there are two types of vehicle air brake systems, which can be generally described as "air assisted" brake systems and "air actuated" brake systems.

In an air assisted brake system, the air portion of the brake system is a booster system only, similar to the vacuum assist system in most automobiles (commonly referred to on the automobile "option list" as power brakes). In these systems the brake pedal is directly connected to a master brake cylinder with a mechanical linkage. The master cylinder is part of a hydraulic system that uses liquid (brake fluid) pressure to actuate hydraulic cylinders that are part of the drum or disc brake assembly. The brake assembly works by applying a friction material against a brake drum or rotor (disc) to cause the braking action to slow or stop the machine. If the air supply is lost, the brakes can still be applied to bring the vehicle to a stop by pushing on the brake pedal, although considerably more than the normal force by the foot on the brake pedal will be needed as the air assist is no longer there. If a vehicle has a brake system of this type, the Motor Vehicle Act does not require the driver to have an air brake endorsement on the driver's license. The requirements of section 16.4(1)(c) of the Regulation also do not apply, however the other requirements of section 16.4(1) must be met.

In an air actuated brake system, there is no direct mechanical linkage between the "brake pedal" and the rest of the brake system. The "brake pedal" is commonly referred to as a brake treadle valve in these systems. Operating the brake treadle valve changes the air pressure in the brake system, causing the brakes to be applied. The system may use air or pneumatic pressure to directly activate the brakes, or may be an "air over hydraulic" system, where air pressure acts on a master cylinder located close to the brakes, with the master cylinder delivering hydraulic pressure to apply the brakes. In these systems, if the vehicle's air supply is lost, the brakes cannot be operated. If the air system pressure is low, the brakes may actuate when the brake treadle valve is operated, but with a reduced effectiveness. If a vehicle has a brake system of this type and is being operated on a public road, the Motor Vehicle Act requires the driver to have an air brake endorsement on the driver's license. The requirements of section 16.4(1)(c) of the Regulation must be met if such a vehicle is being operated in an occupational application under the Board's jurisdiction.

The determination on the applicability of section 16.4(1)(c) to a person operating mobile equipment requires an understanding and assessment of the brake system on the vehicle. The employer has the obligation to do this before placing the equipment into service. The employer should consult with the equipment manufacturer or qualified service personnel as necessary to determine the applicability of section 16.4(1)(c).

An understanding of the brake system is also necessary to ensure persons authorized to operate the equipment have appropriate air brake certificates or endorsements and adequate instruction and training relevant to the brake system on the equipment. For example, an air brake endorsement on a driver's license to operate a truck or bus on a public road does not mean the person is necessarily knowledgeable on the air brake system of equipment such as a lift truck or front-end loader. Most air brake courses leading to an air brake certificate or air brake endorsement focus on the standard air brake systems found on large trucks and buses. A "course of instruction" relevant to the air brake systems found on other types of equipment, particularly industrial and "off highway" heavy equipment, may be difficult to find. In such cases, an "organization acceptable to the board" for providing training could be a qualified representative of the equipment manufacturer or other qualified person familiar with the equipment's brake system and able to provide an appropriate course of instruction and training specific to the equipment the worker will operate. "Evidence of successful completion" of such a course could be training records signed by the trainer and attesting to the worker's successful completion of the required instruction and training. If a person will be operating equipment with air brakes on a public road, the requirements of the Motor Vehicle Act must be met.

G16.7(j)-1 Lift truck operator training

Issued April 25, 2002; Editorial Revision June 2005; Editorial Revision August 13, 2008

Regulatory excerpt
Section 16.7(j) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:

The design, fabrication, use, inspection and maintenance of mobile equipment must meet the requirements of the following applicable standard:

...

(j) Lift Truck Operator training: CSA Standard B335-94, Industrial Lift Truck Operator Training.

Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to explain the training requirements for lift truck operators.

Background
Section 16.7(j) requires lift truck operators be trained in accordance with CSA Standard B335-94, Industrial Lift Truck Operator Training. (Note: For a copy of CSA Standard B335-94, contact CSA at 604-244-6652, or your local library.)

The version of the CSA Standard B335-94 adopted at the time the Regulation came into effect includes the amendments contained in "General Instruction #2," published by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) in November 1996. One significant amendment is the addition to the CSA standard of Clause 7, "Training and Refresher Courses," that sets requirements for refresher and upgrading courses for lift truck operators.

CSA Standard B335-94 defines a "trainee" as "the person being trained as a lift truck operator." For the purposes of this guideline and application of section 16.7(j) of the Regulation, WorkSafeBC considers a trainee to be a person who is taking training to become a lift truck operator. A lift truck operator is not considered a "trainee" when taking refresher or upgrading courses and related training.

A trainee must satisfy medical and fitness criteria before starting training. These requirements are outlined in detail in the CSA standard and are summarized later in this guideline.

Completion of training and testing
The employer is responsible for ensuring a trainee completes training and testing that meets the performance criteria specified in section 16.7(j) before the person is assigned tasks as a lift truck operator. If an employee claims to have past training and/or experience as a lift truck operator, the employer is responsible for checking references and assessing the new employee's ability to meet the performance criteria specified in section 16.7(j) before assigning the person to be a lift truck operator.

Lift truck operators do not need a certificate to confirm satisfactory performance and completion of the training mandated by section 16.7(j). The employer has several options for achieving compliance. Completing an external training course that effectively covers the specified standard, including the testing requirements, is one option to satisfy the Regulation. Another option is for the employer to provide in-house training and testing, to confirm the operator's knowledge and abilities meet the specified standard. Regardless of how the employer determines a person has achieved the training standard, the employer still has an obligation to provide sufficient supervision and control in the workplace to ensure lift truck operators meet the standard on an ongoing basis.

The CSA standard stipulates a lift truck operator must take a refresher course at least every two years, or if there is an accident or incident attributable to operator error. The employer is responsible for assessing each lift truck operator's performance on an ongoing basis. Clause 7.1.2 of CSA Standard B335-94, regarding ongoing training and refresher courses, states: "Training courses shall be tailored to the individual's needs as demonstrated by an evaluation and assessment..." Refresher courses and retraining only need to cover the aspects of lift truck operation that the operator is considered to be deficient in relative to the performance criteria specified in section 16.7(j). If two years after the last refresher or upgrading course an operator is not considered by the employer to have any deficiencies relative to the performance criteria, the refresher course could simply be a general job safety review with the operator. Training is also required any time new equipment is to be used, performance issues become evident, or there are significant changes in the operator's job.

The employer should keep sufficient records of lift truck operator training, testing, and assessment to document compliance with section 16.7(j).

Driver's licence requirements
A lift truck operator using a lift truck exclusively on the employer's private property does not need to have a valid driver's licence. However, if the lift truck is operated on a public roadway, the provisions of the Motor Vehicle Act apply, and the operator needs a valid driver's licence of the appropriate class, including any required endorsements such as for air brakes, if applicable.

Propane handler's certificate
A lift truck operator (or any other person) required to dispense (transfer) propane from one container to another during refueling of a lift truck must have a "propane handler's certificate." CSA Standard B149.2 Propane Storage and Handling Code is adopted under the Gas Safety Regulation as a requirement in BC. Clause 4.2.1 of the CSA standard states: "Propane shall only be transferred from one container to another by a person who is the holder of a certificate recognized by the authority having jurisdiction." The authority having jurisdiction in British Columbia is the BC Safety Authority's Safety Manager. The Safety Manager recognizes programs that are qualified to issue certificates. Propane suppliers are usually connected to a propane industry program recognized to provide training and certification acceptable to the Safety Manager. A source for information on obtaining a certificate is the Propane Training Institute at 1-877-784-4636, or online at http://www.propanegas.ca/. A person dispensing propane should have their certificate available at the location where the activity is being done. This is normally achieved by having the certificate posted at or near the dispensing station. If there is a concern regarding the validity of a certificate, consult the local Gas Safety inspection office.

If the lift truck refueling process only involves changing propane cylinders, a propane handler's certificate is not required, but the operator or other person doing the task should have appropriate training to perform this function. Also, if a lift truck operator is required to refuel the lift truck with a product other than propane, or to change batteries or connect to a battery charger, the operator's training should cover these tasks.

Detailed training program requirements
Medical and Physical Fitness
A trainee must meet the medical and physical fitness requirement specified in CSA Standard B335-94 before starting training. This requirement does not apply to existing lift truck operators who are successfully doing this work without difficulty and are taking refresher or upgrading courses. If, however, a lift truck operator appears to have difficulty operating the lift truck in a satisfactory manner, the employer has the right and obligation to investigate. This investigation may include requiring evidence of compliance with the medical and physical fitness criteria.

The medical and physical fitness criteria specified in the CSA standard requires

Vision of not less than 20/40 in the better eye and good judgment of space including height and distance. If corrective eyewear is required to comply with the above, the operator must use it while operating a lift truck
Ability to distinguish colour, if colour differentiation is required on the assigned job
Ability to hear warning signals. If the operator requires a hearing aid to comply with the above, it must be worn while operating a lift truck
Full movement of trunk, neck, and upper and lower limbs, and the strength, endurance, agility, and coordination to meet the demands of the job

Compliance with the above medical and physical fitness requirements may be determined by a doctor, a nurse, or another responsible party who by training has the ability to make such a determination. A trainee or operator cannot make his or her own determination on the above criteria.

Overview of Training Program Content
A training program will include classroom/theory elements, practical (hands-on) training, and testing. The following summarizes the CSA Standard B335-94 criteria.

Classroom/Theory Portion
Background

Relevant legislation and fundamental safety guidelines, rules, and safety codes applicable to the job
Basic principles of lift truck operation, including a focus on lift types, reach, and stability
Main components of lift trucks
Manufacturer's operating manual for the equipment to be used

Basic Principles of Operation

Start-of-shift checks
Shutdown and parking procedures
Safe practices for starting, stopping, and turning
Lift truck stability factors including items such as speed, cornering, load security, centre of gravity, and grade
Capacity plate and its location
Safe procedures for operating on ramps and grades
Forward and reverse driving
Correct use of lift trucks
Driving hazards such as slippery surfaces, restricted visibility, and exhaust emissions
Lift truck safety including generic safety procedures in accordance with the manufacturer's operating manual
Lifting, lowering, or supporting people

Load Handling

General safe methods and procedures for pickup, conveyance, and depositing
Selection of loads and assessing mass distribution for capacity, security, and integrity
Preparation for load pickup and placement
Assessing the safety of load-supporting structures
Loading trucks, trailers, and railway cars
Inclines or ramps
Safety equipment and devices
Hazards in the operating environment

Operational Maintenance

Maintenance to be performed by the operator
Refueling a permanently mounted propane fuel tank
Changing a removable propane cylinder
Propane cylinder inspection
Charging batteries on electric trucks
Refueling with other fuels
Reporting unsafe operating conditions of vehicles

Operational (Hands-on) Training
The classroom/theory elements covered are to be followed with practical demonstration and supervised practice.

Testing
A trainee or operator may demonstrate proficiency in classroom/theory areas by way of a written or oral test. A trainee or operator must demonstrate proficiency through an operational test showing skill and understanding of the safe operation of the lift truck(s).

G16.7(j)-2 Lift truck operator training - Alternative standards

Issued November 21, 2006

Regulatory excerpt
Section 16.7(j) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:

The design, fabrication, use, inspection and maintenance of mobile equipment must meet the requirements of the following applicable standard:

...

(j) Lift Truck Operator training: CSA Standard B335-94, Industrial Lift Truck Operator Training.

Section 4.4(2)(a) of the Regulation states:

(2) When this Regulation requires a person to comply with

(a) a publication, code or standard of the Board or another agency, the person may, as an alternative, comply with another publication, code or standard acceptable to the Board...

Purpose of guideline
Section 16.7(j) of the Regulation requires that lift truck operators be trained in accordance with CSA Standard B335-94, Industrial Lift Truck Operator Training ("Standard"). Parts 4 - 7 of the Standard describe the required elements of lift truck training and retraining.

The purpose of this guideline is to specify two alternatives to the Standard that are acceptable to WorkSafeBC, and to summarize the applicable requirements of the alternative standards.

Alternative acceptable standards
CSA Standard B335-04, Safety Standard for Lift Trucks
WorkSafeBC accepts the training (including retraining and upgrading) part of this standard - Part 6 - as an alternative to the Standard. The other parts of this standard are not applicable to operator training, and therefore are not considered part of this alternative standard.

CSA Standard B335-04 describes similar training topics to the Standard and provides more detail for some training elements such as load pick-up and stacking. The standard is an expanded one compared to its earlier version. In addition to training requirements, it now includes general lift truck safety information and safe operating procedures, as well as design and construction specifications. The standard includes several sample pre-operation inspection check-lists for operators of electric and internal combustion lift trucks.

CSA Standard B335-04 also provides for retraining and upgrading. Retraining must occur at intervals not exceeding 3 years. The upgrade training course includes all relevant information, as applicable, with the content, delivery method, and individual learning needs of the operator determining the course length. Knowledge verification and practical evaluation is to be performed in the same manner as for initial training.

Refresher courses and retraining only need cover the aspects of lift truck operation that the operator is considered to be deficient in relative to the performance criteria specified in CSA Standard B335-04 section 16.7(j). If three years after the last refresher or upgrading course an operator is not considered by the employer to have any deficiencies relative to the performance criteria, the refresher course could simply be a general job safety review with the operator. Upgrade training is also required when new or modified equipment is to be used, skill or performance deficiencies have been identified, or there are significant changes in the operator's job.

CSA Standard B335-04 also stipulates that operators undergo practical skills evaluation in accordance with the standard every 18 months, and that the results of this evaluation are documented. The practical skills evaluation must be conducted on the specific work tasks and using the classification of lift truck to which the operator is assigned.

Note: For a copy of CSA Standards contact CSA at 604-244-6652 or www.shopCSA.ca, or contact your local library.

ASME B56.1-2004 Safety Standard for Low Lift and High Lift Trucks
WorkSafeBC accepts the training part of this standard (but not the retraining or upgrading portions) - set out in paragraph 4.19 and the references therein - as an alterative to the training portions of the Standard.

For retraining and upgrading, the provisions in the above noted CSA Standards are to be used. (i.e. CSA B335-94 or CSA B335-04)

Note: In 2005 the copyright of this ASME standard was obtained by ITSDF (Industrial Truck Standards Development Foundation) in Washington, DC. The standard number was changed to ANSI/ITSDF B56.1-2005 (Reaffirmation of ASME B56.1-2004). This standard can be downloaded from the ITSDF website at: http://www.itsdf.org/pB56.asp. The ITSDF home page is: http://www.itsdf.org/

G16.18 Acceptable standards for operating controls

Issued August 1999; Revised November 18, 2009

Regulatory excerpt
Section 16.18(1) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:

Operating controls for mobile equipment must meet the requirements of a standard acceptable to the Board for the type of equipment.

Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to specify an acceptable standard for operating controls for mobile equipment.

Acceptable standard for operating controls
For many pieces of mobile equipment, WorkSafeBC has specified, under another section of the Regulation or in an OHS Guideline, an applicable standard that must be met. In particular, section 16.7 of the Regulation specifies applicable standards for certain mobile equipment. Where these standards cover operating controls, they are considered to be acceptable standards under section 16.18(1) of the Regulation.

In the event that WorkSafeBC has not identified an acceptable standard for a piece of mobile equipment, or the identified standard does not cover operating controls, the manufacturer's instructions are considered to be an acceptable standard under section 16.18(1) of the Regulation.

In the event that the manufacturer's instructions do not cover operating controls, SAE J297 Operator Controls on Industrial Equipment is an acceptable standard under section 16.18(1) of the Regulation.

Guidelines Part 16 - Guards

G16.21 Protective structures for hydraulic excavators pioneering on steep side hills

Issued August 1999; Editorial Revision April 2005

The standards referenced in section 16.21 mean that the minimum operator protection expected on a hydraulic excavator exposed to the hazard of intruding or flying objects, such as loose debris, snags, tree trunks, or limbs, which are conditions normally encountered in pioneering steep side hill logging grades and right-of-way construction, is as follows

WCB G602 - cab structure designed to resist a force of at least 11,500 pounds (simulating a 2000 pound blunt log impacting the cab at approximately 4 miles per hour), and an alternate exit meeting the requirements of section 16.17 of the OHS Regulation.

WCB G603 - window guards (mild steel bars or rods with a maximum opening of 64 square inches) on the front, sides (where permitted by boom clearance), and back of the cab where there is a hazard of intruding or flying objects.

WCB G608 - heavy duty roof structure (designed to absorb 8500 foot - pounds of energy). (SAE J1043 - Minimum Performance Criteria for Falling Object Protective Structures for Industrial Equipment or equivalent standard is an accepted option under G608.)

Section 4.4(2)(b) of the OHS Regulation permits the reliance on other practices, procedures, or rules which are acceptable to the Board.

An adequate substitute for WCB Standard G603 window guards is polycarbonate (sold under the trade names of Lexan or Tuffac) where it is at least 1/2 inch thick and adequately supported from behind along the perimeter with at least a one inch overlap and by members in one direction not more than 10 inches apart.

Where boom clearance does not permit a side window guard meeting WCB Standard G603, a window guard meeting WCB Standard G604, Standard for Light-Duty Screen Guards for Off-Highway Equipment may be used. An adequate substitute for WCB Standard G604 is polycarbonate where it is at least 1/4 inch thick and supported from behind with at least a one inch overlap along the perimeter. Section 16.11(4) of the OHS Regulation requires each polycarbonate window on mobile equipment manufactured after February 1, 2002, or otherwise installed on mobile equipment after that date, to be marked to show the thickness and grade of the material.

Do not drill holes in polycarbonate windows to mount the window on the machine, or for the installation of accessories such as windshield wipers. Consult with the Board's Engineering Section for further assistance on window guards made using polycarbonate.

G16.21(2)-1 Operator protective structure standards for agricultural tractors

Issued January 1, 2005

Section 16.21(2) of the OHS Regulation lists a number of standards for operator protective structures on mobile equipment that are acceptable to the Board. Section 4.4(2) of the OHS Regulation permits the Board to accept alternative standards.

The Board accepts the following additional standard for operator protective structures on agricultural tractors: SAE Standard J167, December 1986, Overhead Protection for Agricultural Tractors - Test Procedures and Performance Requirements.

G16.21(2)-2 Protective structures - Acceptable alternate standards

Preliminary Issue October 26, 2011

Regulatory excerpt
Section 16.21(2) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:

The means of protection must meet the requirements of the following applicable standard:

(a) WCB Standard -- G601, Standard for Log Loader and Log Yarder Backstops;

(b) WCB Standard -- G602, Standard for Log Loader and Log Yarder Raised Cabs;

(c) WCB Standard -- G603, Standard for Log Loader and Log Yarder Window Guards;

(d) WCB Standard -- G604, Standard for Light-Duty Screen Guards for Off-Highway Equipment;

(e) WCB Standard -- G605, Standard for Mobile Equipment Half-Doors;

(f) WCB Standard -- G607, Standard for Medium Duty Screen Guards -- Front End Log Loader;

(g) WCB Standard -- G608, Standard for Mobile Equipment Roof Structures -- Heavy Duty;

(h) WCB Standard -- G609, Standard for Mobile Equipment Roof Structures -- Light Duty;

(i) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Recommended Practice J231 JAN81, Minimum Performance Criteria for Falling Object Protective Structure (FOPS);

(j) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard J1043 SEP87, Performance Criteria for Falling Object Protective Structure (FOPS) for Industrial Machines;

(k) ISO Standard 3449:1992, Earth-Moving Machinery -- Falling-Object Protective Structures -- Laboratory Tests and Performance Requirements;

(l) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Recommended Practice J1084 APR80, Operator Protective Structure Performance Criteria for Certain Forestry Equipment;

(m) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Recommended Practice J1356 FEB88, Performance Criteria for Falling Object Guards for Excavators.

Purpose of guideline
This guideline describes acceptable alternate standards to the WorkSafeBC G600 series of standards for protective structures on mobile equipment.

Scope of standards
The scopes of the ISO and SAE standards differ from the G600 standards. WorkSafeBC has considered the performance requirements of the listed alternate standards, regardless of the scope of the standard. For example, although SAE J1356 is written to apply to earthmoving excavators, it is accepted as an alternative to G603 guards on forestry machines.

Acceptable alternate standards
The standards listed below are acceptable alternate standards for the G600 standards, to the extent outlined in the Table below.

ISO 12117-2:2008, Earth-moving machinery -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators -- Part 2: Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over 6 t
ISO 3471:1994, Earth-moving machinery -- Roll-over protective structures -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements
ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery -- Roll-over protective structures -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements
ISO 8082:2003, Self-propelled machinery for forestry -- Roll-over protective structures -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements
ISO 8082-1:2009, Self-propelled machinery for forestry -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements for roll-over protective structures -- Part 1: General machines
SAE J2267 APR2007 Minimum performance criteria for operator front protective structure (OFPS) for certain equipment
SAE J1356 FEB88 OPS, Performance criteria for falling object guards for excavators* (reaffirmed in 2008)
ISO 8084:2003, Machinery for forestry -- Operator protective structures -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements
SAE J1084 APR80, Operator protective structure performance criteria for certain forestry equipment*
ISO 3449:2005, Earth-moving machinery -- Falling-object protective structures -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements
ISO 8083:2006, Machinery for forestry -- Falling-object protective structures (FOPS) -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements
ISO 10262:1998, Earth-moving machinery -- Hydraulic excavators -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards
SAE J231 JAN81, Minimum performance criteria for falling object protective structure (FOPS)*
SAE J1043 SEP87, Performance criteria for falling object protective structure (FOPS) for industrial machines*
ISO 3449:1992, Earth-moving machinery -- Falling-object protective structures -- Laboratory tests and performance requirements.*

*These standards are cited in Regulation 16.21(2) as applicable standards but are also included here for the sake of completeness.

The above ISO and SAE standards are acceptable alternate standards to the G600 standards, in the manner described in the Table. Any one of the listed alternate standards is an acceptable alternative standard. For example, for G603, compliance with either SAE J2267 APR2007 or the operator protective structure requirements of SAE J1356 FEB88 is acceptable.

WCB Standard	Acceptable alternative standards
G601 (Note 1)	None identified
G602 (Note 2)	One of the following ISO standards, combined with G602 sections 4.2 Cab skin, 4.5 Visibility requirements, 4.8 Alternate exit - see also Note 3, 4.10 Sound isolation & absorption, 16.11 Window standards (Note 4): ISO 12117-2:2008, except for clause 6.1.5 and any references to it (Note 5,6) ISO 3471:1994 ISO 3471:2008 ISO 8082:2003 ISO 8082-1:2009
G603 (Note 7)	SAE J2267 APR2007 SAE J1356 FEB88 performance requirements for OPS (Note 8,9)
G604 (Note 10)	ISO 8084:2003 SAE J1084 APR80 (Note 9)
G605 (Note 11)	None identified
G606 (Note 12)	None identified
G607 (Note 13)	None identified
G608 (Note 14)	ISO 3449:2005 Level II performance requirements ISO 8083:2006 11,600 J level (Note 15) ISO 3449: 1992 ISO 10262:1998 Level II performance requirements for FOPS (Note 8) SAE J1356 FEB88 FOPS (Note 8) SAE J231 JAN81 (Note 9)
G609 (Note 16)	ISO 3449:2005 Level I performance requirements ISO 10262:1998 Level I performance requirements for FOPS (Note 8) ISO 3449: 1992 SAE J1043 SEP87 (Note 9)

Note 1	G601 covers yarders and cable log loaders which are no longer in production. There are no identified acceptable alternate standards.

Note 2	G602 deals with the strength of the cab frame, for which the identified ISO standards are acceptable alternate standards. The protection offered by ISO 3471 is greater than the protection offered by ISO 12117-2.

Note 3	Regulation section 16.17 applies for equipment manufactured after the year 2000.

Note 4	The requirements of Regulation section 16.11 Window standards, supersede the requirements of G602 section 4.9.

Note 5	ISO 12117-2:2008 clause 6.1.5 allows testing to be stopped before the required force or energy levels are reached. WorkSafeBC does not accept this practice.

Note 6	The scope of ISO 12117-2 includes equipment with mass from 6,000 kg to 50,000 kg. However, the standard states that this does not preclude the possibility of applying the procedures described in ISO 12117-2 to excavators having larger or smaller masses.
Note 7	G603 covers window guards for protection from large objects. Where G603 calls for guarding on particular windows, the requirements of SAE J2267 or SAE J1356 only apply for those windows.

Note 8	SAE J1356 and ISO 10262 address both Operator Protective Structures (window guards) and Falling Object Protective Structures.

Note 9	This standard (and version) is also identified in Regulation section 16.21 Protective Structures as an applicable standard.

Note 10	G604 allows SAE J1084 as a method of compliance. SAE J1084 is technically equivalent to ISO 8084. Both call for a 4,000 lb force to be applied to the window in 5 places. Where G604 calls for guarding on particular windows, the requirements of SAE J1084 or ISO 8084 only apply for those windows.

Note 11	G605 covers half-doors on skidders. No new skidders are produced with half-doors. There are no identified accepted alternate standards for half-doors; however ISO 8084 and SAE J1084 cover full doors.

Note 12	G606 covers boom boat cab protection. No new boom boats are being produced and there is no identified acceptable alternate standard. G606 is referenced in Regulation section 26.86 and is included here for information purposes.

Note 13	G607 covers log loaders operating in less hazardous situations than those anticipated by G603. Where a G607 guard is required a G603 guard can be substituted.

Note 14	G608 allows SAE J231 as a method of compliance. SAE J231 is technically equivalent to ISO 8083 (11,600 J level), ISO 3449 Level II, ISO 10262 Level II FOPS and SAE J1356 FOPS. All call for a 500 lb. object to be dropped with 8,500 ft-lbs energy.

Note 15	ISO 8083 has a 5,800 J performance requirement and an 11,600 J performance requirement. The acceptable alternate standard is for the 11,600 J performance requirement.

Note 16	G609 allows SAE J1043 as a method of compliance. SAE J1043 is technically equivalent to ISO 3449 Level I and ISO 10262 Level I FOPS.

G16.22 Rollover protective structures (ROPS)

Issued February 27, 2001

The "Note" following section 16.22 of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation states:

Where circumstances render compliance with the requirement for ROPS impracticable, alternative proposals designed to provide equivalent protection to workers may be submitted to the board for consideration.

A request to consider an alternative to ROPS as suggested by this "Note" statement is a request for a variance, and will be administered in accordance with the procedures for handling such requests under Division 9-Variance Orders of the Workers Compensation Act.

G16.22(2) Use of ROPS on agricultural tractors when operated on steep slopes or narrow roadways

Issued January 1, 2005; Retired consequential to February 1, 2012 Regulatory Amendment

G16.23 ROPS standards for agricultural tractors

Issued January 1, 2005

Section 16.23 of the OHS Regulation requires ROPS to meet one of the applicable standards listed in this section. Section 4.4(2) of the OHS Regulation permits the Board to accept alternative standards.

The Board accepts the following alternative standards for rollover protective structures on agricultural tractors:

Canadian Standards Association Standard B352-M1980, Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Agricultural, Construction, Earthmoving, Forestry, Industrial and Mining Machines
SAE Standard J2194, December 1987, Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors
SAE Standard J1194, May 1989, Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors
ASAE Standard S383, March 1977, Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) for Wheeled Agricultural Tractors

G16.24 ROPS certification - Damaged sweep arms

Issued August 1999

The sweep arms on a rubber-tired skidder are intended to deflect material away from in front of the canopy. Sweep arms occasionally get damaged (bent or deformed) through contact with large trees or logs. On some machines the sweep arms are an integral part of the ROPS structure, in which case if the sweep arms are damaged, the ROPS must be replaced or "recertified".

The sweep arms are an integral part of the ROPS on the following skidders:

Clark Ranger (all models except "D" series)
Tree Farmer (units with open canopies)
Mountain Logger (all models)

The ROPS on the above machines should be replaced and/or recertified as required by section 16.24 of the OHS Regulation, when there is structural damage to the sweep arms.

Damage to the sweep arms alone does not invalidate the ROPS certification on the following skidders:

Timberjack (all models)
John Deere (all models)
Tree Farmer (units with enclosed canopies)
Bombardier (BD l00, BD 200 models)
Caterpillar (5l8, 528 models)
FMC (all models)

G16.28 Guarding moving parts on mobile equipment

Issued August 1999; Revised December 21, 2009

Regulatory excerpt

Section 16.28 of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:

Exposed moving parts on mobile equipment which are a hazard to the operator or to other workers must be guarded according to a standard acceptable to the Board, and if a part must be exposed for proper function it must be guarded as much as is practicable consistent with the intended function of the component.

Purpose of guideline This guideline provides information for guarding moving parts of mobile equipment to an acceptable standard under section 16.28 of the Regulation.

Application Section 16.28 is intended to apply to moving parts such as engine cooling fans and accessory drive belts, and hazards from any specialized equipment installed. It also applies to power train components such as drive shafts, tracks, sprockets, and like components beneath the vehicle where necessary to prevent the operator contacting them while in the operator's position.

Section 16.28 applies to straddle lumber carriers that have vertical chain drives on the outer sides of the wheel suspensions. These chains and sprockets are usually provided with guards by the manufacturer, but are frequently found unguarded when in use. Effective guarding of these chains and sprockets is required.

Acceptable standard for safeguarding moving parts Where exposed moving parts pose a hazard to the operator or other workers, section 16.28 requires that they be guarded according to a standard acceptable to WorkSafeBC.

In order to determine appropriate guarding for exposed parts, an employer should undertake a risk assessment. WorkSafeBC considers guarding developed as a result of a risk assessment and risk reduction process consistent with the principles of Part 5 of CSA Z432 - 2004 Safeguarding of machinery to meet a standard acceptable to WorkSafeBC.

Performing a risk assessment for safeguarding moving parts The aim of the risk assessment is to evaluate the potential for injury posed by the exposed moving part in order to identify, apply, and monitor appropriate risk reduction methods. In applying the principles of risk assessment contained in CSA Z432, attention should be paid to the hierarchy of safeguarding controls. Where practicable, means which eliminate the hazard of exposed moving parts should be considered first.

The WorkSafeBC publication Safeguarding Machinery and Equipment (Chapter 2) includes relevant information pertaining to the risk assessment for safeguarding purposes, as well as a Machine Risk Assessment Survey (Appendix 1 of the publication) that may be a useful reference when performing a risk assessment for safeguarding moving parts of mobile equipment. This publication can be downloaded from the WorkSafeBC website.

In some instances, applying the risk assessment approach laid out in the standard will lead to adopting administrative procedures instead of a physical guard. This is acceptable where, for example, a guard is not practicable or would interfere with the function of the moving part.

Effective risk reduction performed under section 16.28 will also include compliance with other sections of the Regulation. In particular, section 4.3 of the Regulation outlines requirements for safe machinery and equipment. This includes the requirement to ensure that equipment be capable of safely performing the functions for which it is used. Part 12 of the Regulation outlines general requirements for guarding of equipment.

Guidelines Part 16 - Seat requirements and rider restrictions

G16.31(4) Rider restriction

Issued August 1999

Subsection 16.31(4) of the OHS Regulation states:

A worker other than the operator may only ride on mobile equipment with a ROPS for the purpose of training or maintenance, and only then if the equipment is operated in an area with no significant hazard of rollover".

Subsection 16.31(2) sets out certain requirements if a worker must ride on non-ROPS equipped mobile equipment to carry out a job task. These requirements are not specifically mandated by subsection (4) for workers riding on ROPS equipment, however, these or similar requirements should be met so that the rider can be transported safely. Subsection 4.3(1) applies.

Guidelines Part 16 - Seat belts

G16.33 Use of seatbelts on forklifts

Issued June 18, 2008

Regulatory excerpt
Section 4.3(1)(b)(i) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:

(1) The employer must ensure that each tool, machine and piece of equipment in the workplace is

(b) selected, used and operated in accordance with

(i) the manufacturer's instructions, if available,

Sections 16.7(d) and 16.7(e) of the Regulation state:

The design, fabrication, use, inspection and maintenance of mobile equipment must meet the requirements of the following applicable standard:

(d) Powered Industrial Trucks (low lift and high lift): ANSI Standard ASME B56.1-1993, Safety Standard for Low Lift and High Lift Trucks;

(e) Rough Terrain Forklifts: ANSI Standard ASME B56.6-1992, Safety Standard for Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks;

Section 16.32(1) of the Regulation states:

Mobile equipment with ROPS and side boom tractors must have seat belts which meet the requirements of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard J386 JUN93, Operator Restraint System for Off-Road Work Machines.

Section 16.33(1) and (2)(c) of the Regulation state:

(1) If mobile equipment has seat belts required by any law in British Columbia, the operator and passengers must use the belts whenever the equipment is in motion, or engaged in an operation which could cause the equipment to become unstable.

(2) The use of a seat belt is not required for

(c) ROPS equipped mobile equipment if the mobile equipment operates in a specific location where there is no significant hazard of rollover, and the surface in the area of operation is maintained free of ground irregularities which might cause a rollover.

Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to describe the requirements in the Regulation for the use of seat belts or other operator restraints on forklifts.

When a seat belt or other operator restraint is required on a forklift
The requirement to use a seat belt while operating a forklift depends on the type of forklift, including whether or not the forklift is equipped with a Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS), the year the forklift was manufactured, the requirements of the applicable standard referenced in the Regulation, and the manufacturer's instructions. The table below summarizes the requirements to use a seat belt.

In the case of powered industrial trucks, ANSI Standard ASME B56.1-1993 refers to an operator restraint device, system, or enclosure. An operator restraint device, system, or enclosure is intended to assist the operator in reducing the risk of entrapment of the head and/or torso between the truck and the ground in the event of a tip over. The restraint device or system may include a seat belt, though a seat belt is not necessarily a part of such device or system. In the table below, the requirement, where applicable, to have a restraint device, system, or enclosure is included for additional information.

TYPE OF FORKLIFT	SEAT BELT OR OPERATOR RESTRAINT REQUIREMENTS	REGULATION SECTION
Any forklift, built in any year, where the manufacturer's instructions specify that a seat belt should be used.	The use of the seat belt is required by the Regulation.	Section 4.3(1)(b)(i) of the Regulation.
ROPS equipped forklifts built in any year. Note: Most forklifts have falling object protective structures, but not ROPS. Rough terrain forklifts often have ROPS.	This equipment is required by the Regulation to be equipped with a seat belt. The seat belt must be used unless the equipment operates in a specific location where there is no significant hazard of rollover, and the surface in the area of operation is maintained free of ground irregularities which might cause a rollover.	Section 16.32(1) and 16.33(1) of the Regulation.
Powered industrial trucks without ROPS built in 1993 or later
Type 1: Counter-balanced, centre control, high-lift trucks with sit-down, non-elevating operator position	Under the required standard, this equipment is required to be equipped with a restraint device, system, or enclosure. The restraint device or system must be used.	Section 16.7(d) of the Regulation. See also section 7.39 and 5.3.19 of ANSI Standard ASME B56.1-1993.
Type 2: All other powered industrial trucks	Under the required standard, a seat belt or other restraint device or system must be used when provided.	Section 16.7(d) of the Regulation. See also section 5.3.19 of ANSI Standard ASME B56.1-1993.
Rough terrain forklift without ROPS built in 1992 or later	Under the required standard, seat belts must be provided that meet or exceed the requirements of ANSI/SAE J386. The operator must fasten the seat belt, if provided, before starting to operate the rough terrain forklift.	Section 16.7(e) of the Regulation. See also section 8.26 and 6.2.1(a) of ANSI Standard ASME B56.6-1992.

Guidelines Part 16 - Operating requirements

G16.43 Pedestrian and equipment traffic

Issued August 1999

Subsection 16.43(3) of the OHS Regulation states:

In areas where lift truck use is separated from pedestrian traffic, a lift truck may travel forward with an elevated load if such operation will improve the operator's view of the path of travel, provided that operating conditions are maintained to ensure vehicle stability and the specifications of the equipment manufacturer are not compromised.

Stability of lift trucks varies with the make and model of machine. ANSI Standard B56.1-1975, Low Lift and High Lift Trucks, provides guidance on stability.

Driving forward with a raised load should only be done under controlled conditions with reduced loads and at slow speeds. It should not be done when the machine is equipped with clamps, grabs or similar holding gear. If the machine tips forward, a load will slide of off the forks, but the clamps or similar gear will retain the load and the machine will tip right over.

G16.44(2) Acceptable standard for load restraint

Issued February 11, 2009

Regulatory excerpt
Section 16.44(2) of the OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states:

To protect the crew of a vehicle transporting a load which might shift on rapid deceleration of the vehicle, a means of load restraint must be provided which

(a) will prevent significant load shift relative to the carrier under emergency stopping conditions, and

(b) meets a standard acceptable to the Board.

Purpose of guideline
The purpose of this guideline is to specify an acceptable standard for load restraint under section 16.44(2).

Acceptable standard for securing loads
Under section 16.44(2)(b), the means of load restraint used to protect the crew of a vehicle transporting a load which might shift on rapid deceleration of the vehicle must meet a standard acceptable to WorkSafeBC. The British Columbia Motor Vehicle Act Regulations require loads to be secured in accordance with the National Safety Code Standard 10, Cargo Securement (Standard 10). Section 2(1) of Standard 10 specifies that the standard applies to certain vehicle weights and on public highways. Section 35.02(3) of the Motor Vehicle Act Regulations specifies that "Despite section 2 (1) of the Standard, the Standard applies to all vehicles transporting cargo on a highway, regardless of the vehicles' gross vehicle weight." For the purposes of section 16.44(2)(b) of the Regulation, Standard 10 is an acceptable standard for all vehicle weights and on all roads, regardless of the restrictions of section 2(1) of the standard.

Logging trucks
Part 26 of the Regulation sets out specific requirements for transporting and securing logs on logging trucks. A logging truck which has secured logs in compliance with these Regulation requirements will be considered to have secured logs in accordance with a standard acceptable to WorkSafeBC under section 16.44(2)(b) of the Regulation. These trucks do not need to comply with Standard 10 for the purposes of securing logs.

Guidelines Part 16 - All-terrain vehicles

G16.50 Modifications

Issued August 1999

Section 16.50 of the OHS Regulation states:

A modification to an ATV which may affect its structural integrity or stability must be certified by a professional engineer.

Examples of modifications falling within the intent of this section are:

Affecting structural integrity

modifications to the frame, suspension or steering
critical components replaced with lower quality items
poor repair practices, for example, bad welding or welding non-weldable parts
increasing horsepower or torque.

Affecting stability

changing the centre of gravity
changing the suspension
changing the load distribution and size
changing the wheelbase
changing the horsepower or gearing.

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Disclaimer: The Worker and Employer Services Division issues Guidelines to help with the application and interpretation of sections of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation and with divisions of the Workers Compensation Act that relate to health and safety. Guidelines are not intended to provide exclusive interpretations but to assist with compliance. The Workers' Compensation Board of B.C. ("WorkSafeBC") does not warrant the accuracy or the completeness of the online version of the Guidelines and neither WorkSafeBC nor its board of directors, employees or agents shall be liable to any persons for any loss or damage of any nature, whether arising out of negligence or otherwise, which may be occasioned as a result of the use of the online version of the Guidelines.

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Guidelines Part 16

Guidelines Part 16 Contents

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

GUARDS

SEAT REQUIREMENTS AND RIDER RESTRICTIONS

SEAT BELTS

OPERATING REQUIREMENTS

ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES

Guidelines Part 16 - General requirements

G16.3, 16.19, 16.20 (and 4.3(2)) Welding repair of forks on lift trucks

G16.3 (and 4.3(3)) Tag out procedure for identifying unsafe mobile equipment

G16.3 (and 4.3(4)) Fuel tank filler and vent outlet locations

G16.4(1)(c) Operating equipment with air brakes

G16.7(j)-1 Lift truck operator training

G16.7(j)-2 Lift truck operator training - Alternative standards

G16.18 Acceptable standards for operating controls

Guidelines Part 16 - Guards

G16.21 Protective structures for hydraulic excavators pioneering on steep side hills

G16.21(2)-1 Operator protective structure standards for agricultural tractors

G16.21(2)-2 Protective structures - Acceptable alternate standards

G16.22 Rollover protective structures (ROPS)

G16.22(2) Use of ROPS on agricultural tractors when operated on steep slopes or narrow roadways

G16.23 ROPS standards for agricultural tractors

G16.24 ROPS certification - Damaged sweep arms

G16.28 Guarding moving parts on mobile equipment

Guidelines Part 16 - Seat requirements and rider restrictions

G16.31(4) Rider restriction

Guidelines Part 16 - Seat belts

G16.33 Use of seatbelts on forklifts

Guidelines Part 16 - Operating requirements

G16.43 Pedestrian and equipment traffic

G16.44(2) Acceptable standard for load restraint

Guidelines Part 16 - All-terrain vehicles

G16.50 Modifications